|
|
|
Harvard School of Public Health |
|
Center For Public Health Preparedness |
|
Boston, Massachusetts |
|
|
|
|
Upon completion of this presentation,
participants should understand: |
|
|
|
The importance of emergency preparedness. |
|
|
|
The roles and responsibilities of the medical
and public health systems in emergency response. |
|
|
|
|
Necessary steps for developing a preparedness
plan, for both public health organizations and hospitals. |
|
|
|
The interaction among different levels of
government in emergency planning and response. |
|
|
|
The types of specialized knowledge required for
emergency response. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The solutions for staffing shortages during an
emergency. |
|
|
|
Terms such as Local Emergency Planning
Committee, Emergency Support Function, Disaster Medical Assistance Team,
and Strategic National Stockpile. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A public health emergency can be the result
of: |
|
|
|
natural
disasters (such as pandemic influenza or an ice storm) |
|
|
|
a terrorist act (such as a biological, chemical,
or radiological agent release; or high-yield explosion). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emergency preparedness is important in order to
appropriately mitigate a public health threat and to prepare to respond and
recover from a public health emergency or crisis. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emergency preparedness is particularly important
in Maine considering its unique vulnerabilities…… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Understand Roles and Responsibilities |
|
|
|
Develop a Plan for Preparedness |
|
|
|
Assess Resources – Staff, Supplies, Space |
|
|
|
Communicate & Train |
|
|
|
Practice, Practice, Practice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cryptosporidium – Milwaukee (1993) |
|
|
|
Arsenic – Maine (2003) |
|
|
|
|
Understand Roles and Responsibilities |
|
|
|
Develop a Plan for Preparedness |
|
|
|
Assess Resources – Staff, Supplies, Space |
|
|
|
Communicate & Train |
|
|
|
Practice, Practice, Practice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fire |
|
|
|
Police |
|
|
|
Emergency Medical Services |
|
|
|
Emergency Management |
|
|
|
Other governmental agencies |
|
|
|
Hospitals |
|
|
|
Private |
|
|
|
|
Mutual Aid refers to a system which allows for
the progressive mobilization of intrastate and interstate support for
emergency operations in affected jurisdictions |
|
|
|
Fire, Police, and EMS have well developed Models
for Mutual Aid during Emergency Response |
|
|
|
Mutual Aid between local Public Health
organizations and Hospitals should be modeled in a similar manner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Identify Agencies and People |
|
|
|
Cultivate Relationships |
|
|
|
|
|
“OK, I know the players…… |
|
|
|
…..But what do I do now?” |
|
|
|
|
Understand Roles and Responsibilities |
|
|
|
Develop a Plan for Preparedness |
|
|
|
Assess Resources – Staff, Supplies, Space |
|
|
|
Communicate & Train |
|
|
|
Practice, Practice, Practice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Early Detection |
|
|
|
Communication |
|
|
|
Mass prophylaxis & vaccination |
|
|
|
Isolation & quarantine |
|
|
|
Training |
|
|
|
|
Enhanced disease exposure & outbreak
detection and investigation capabilities |
|
|
|
Active surveillance |
|
|
|
Regional epidemiology capacity |
|
|
|
24/7 Emergency Consultation and Disease
Reporting Line: (800) 821-5821 |
|
|
|
Improved lab testing and handling of specimens |
|
|
|
|
|
People need to be able to reach you 24/7 |
|
|
|
You need to know what is going on |
|
|
|
You need to be able to reach people |
|
Inform & advise the public |
|
Inform & advise public officials |
|
|
|
|
|
General Emergency |
|
Police, Fire, EMS: 911 |
|
Poison Control: (800) 222-1222 |
|
|
|
Homeland Security Threat |
|
County EMA or MEMA |
|
FBI, Boston Field Office: (617) 742-5533 |
|
|
|
Public Health Emergency |
|
24/7
Emergency Consultation and Disease Reporting Line (800) 821-5821 |
|
|
|
|
Plan a Point of Dispensing (POD) |
|
|
|
To be instated in the event that mass
vaccination or administration of prophylaxis is required |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
More about this in the upcoming “Communication
and Training” section of this presentation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health and Human Services |
|
|
|
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) |
|
|
|
Urban Search and Rescue |
|
|
|
U.S. Public Health Service |
|
|
|
National Disaster Medical System |
|
Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs) |
|
|
|
U.S. Military |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada per the International Emergency
Management Assistance Memorandum of Understanding (IEMAMOU) |
|
|
|
Other nations? |
|
|
|
UN? |
|
|
|
|
Communication |
|
|
|
Surge capacity |
|
|
|
Treatment Protocols |
|
|
|
Protection of people and facilities |
|
|
|
Security |
|
|
|
|
Hospitals must communicate with one another |
|
|
|
Hospitals must communicate with public health,
police, fire, EMS |
|
|
|
Backup communication plans are imperative
because telephones may fail |
|
|
|
|
|
Know how many beds you have in your specialized
units |
|
ICU |
|
|
|
Know your standard protocol for step-down,
triage |
|
|
|
Know your inventory of equipment |
|
ventilators |
|
|
|
|
Have treatment protocols handy, on paper in
addition to electronically |
|
|
|
Check for updates regularly |
|
|
|
Be prepared to treat casualties of biological,
chemical, nuclear, and blast exposure |
|
|
|
|
Assess whether you are able to detect
potentially harmful radiation, chemicals, and biologics in your facility |
|
|
|
Establish plans for decontamination in the event
of such exposure |
|
|
|
|
Can you do a lockdown? |
|
|
|
Are your guards armed? |
|
|
|
Can people get in easily? |
|
|
|
Are there physical barriers? |
|
|
|
Are ventilation intakes protected? |
|
|
|
Is water input monitored? |
|
|
|
|
Understand Roles and Responsibilities |
|
|
|
Develop a Plan for Preparedness |
|
|
|
Assess Resources – Staff, Supplies, Space |
|
|
|
Communicate & Train |
|
|
|
Practice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redistribution |
|
Trained, same role, new place |
|
Promotion |
|
Students, house officers |
|
Adaptation |
|
Cross-class skills |
|
Dentists, veterinarians |
|
Rejuvenation |
|
Retirees, lapsed licenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remember to set up rotation |
|
|
|
Family safety and support |
|
Phone contact |
|
Places of refuge |
|
Meds? |
|
|
|
Psychological support for workers |
|
|
|
Don’t forget food and beds |
|
|
|
|
|
Licensing and credentialing |
|
|
|
Training and ability |
|
|
|
Liability |
|
“Good Samaritan” laws |
|
“Tort Claims Act” if exists |
|
“Federal Volunteer Protection Act” |
|
|
|
Workers’ compensation |
|
Injury, death |
|
Smallpox issues |
|
|
|
|
|
Who are they? |
|
|
|
Can they do the job? |
|
|
|
Are they there to do the job? |
|
|
|
Is there another job they SHOULD do? |
|
|
|
Is there another place they SHOULD be? |
|
“Stand-down” |
|
Redirection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equipment |
|
|
|
Drugs |
|
|
|
Medical supplies |
|
|
|
Food & Water |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 sites, commercial carriers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Schools |
|
|
|
Town Hall |
|
|
|
Community Center |
|
|
|
Recreation Facility |
|
|
|
Hotels |
|
|
|
|
Understand Roles and Responsibilities |
|
|
|
Develop a Plan for Preparedness |
|
|
|
Assess Resources – Staff, Supplies, Space |
|
|
|
Communicate & Train |
|
|
|
Practice, Practice, Practice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public health is a training resource |
|
|
|
Think about how staff within your organization
as well as other organizations are involved in your plan, make sure they
are aware of this |
|
|
|
Communicate your emergency preparedness plan to
the general public |
|
|
|
|
What it is |
|
|
|
How it is run |
|
|
|
Needs public health representation |
|
|
|
|
Understand Roles and Responsibilities |
|
|
|
Develop a Plan for Preparedness |
|
|
|
Assess Resources – Staff, Supplies, Space |
|
|
|
Communicate & Train |
|
|
|
Practice, Practice, Practice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We know the people in our neighborhood |
|
|
|
We have developed detailed protocols for
emergency response |
|
|
|
We have the staff, supplies and space to make
our plan operational |
|
|
|
The people in our neighborhood are all familiar
with the plan and know their roles |
|
|
|
…..Now What Do We Do? |
|
|
|
|
Use routine Flu clinics or Blood Pressure
screenings as practice for mobilizing your Point of Dispensing |
|
|
|
Drill using tabletop exercises |
|
|
|
Talk afterwards to evaluate performance and
exchange feedback |
|
|
|
|
Understand Roles and Responsibilities |
|
|
|
Develop a Plan for Preparedness |
|
|
|
Assess Resources – Staff, Supplies, Space |
|
|
|
Communicate & Train |
|
|
|
Practice, Practice, Practice |
|
|
|
Notes